Using english to show cause and effect
Chemical reactions are a
natural process that always results in the conversion of chemical compounds.
The compounds or the initial compounds involved in the reaction are referred to
as reactants. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by chemical changes,
and will result in one or more products that typically have different
characteristics of the reactants. Classically, a chemical reaction involves a
change involving the movement of electrons in the formation and disconnection
of chemical bonds, although essentially the general concept of chemical
reactions can also be applied to the transformation of elementary particles
such as nuclear reactions. There are two changes: physical and chemical change.
Chemical changes are changes in substances that produce new substances. For
example: the paper before being burned has properties different from the paper
before being burned. Examples of chemical changes are rice rot, stale milk,
stale vegetables, rotting eggs, salted eggs, rusted iron, etc.
A. Causes of chemical reactions:
1. Can occur due to combustion
2. Can occur due to mixing of substances
3. Can occur due to the flow of electricity
4. Can occur due to mixing of two or more substances that produce new
substances.
B. Signs of a chemical reaction:
1. Chemical Reactions Produce Sludge
Around us there are many
chemical reactions that can produce sediment. Reactions that include examples
of chemical reactions that produce precipitates include:
• Occurrence of carbonate compounds at the bottom of the pan when boiling
water.
• When the lime water is blown, there will be a reaction between lime water
and the carbon dioxide from the breath. The occurrence of the reaction can be
observed the formation of white calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that settles on the
bottom of the glass if left for a while.
• Precipitation by chemical reactions has long been used for water
purification processes. The muddy well water mixed with mud can be clarified
with the addition of alum. Tawas will tie the particles of mud particles to clot
and eventually settle.
2. Chemical Reactions Produce Color Changes
Apples that are cut and
left for a while, over time will turn brown. This color change indicates that
the chemicals in apples have reacted with oxygen in the air. The reaction
between the starch starch solution with iodine tintur can be known from the
color change that occurs. Color clear starch solution, brown iodine. If both
are mixed will form a blue color. If added vitamin C then iodine will react
with vitamin C to form other chemicals that are colorless. So the occurrence of
chemical reactions can be known from the color changes that occur. Household
tools made of metal, these objects will gradually change color. The tool of
iron will rust so that it becomes black, copper tools will change color to
greenish, the tool from silver will change color to black. The color change
indicates that there has been a chemical reaction to the devices. The color of
the clothes we wear will fade as it reacts with the chemicals contained in the
detergent.
3. Chemical Reactions Produce Gas
In everyday life, many of
us encounter chemical reactions characterized by the formation of gas. When the
carbide is mixed with water, it will produce the carbide gas. This gas is
commonly used for metal welding purposes. In addition, carbide gas can also be
used to speed up the ripening of fruit. When making a cake, into the dough is
added baking soda. As the dough is heated, baking soda will break down
producing carbon dioxide gas. Gas is what causes the cake to expand.
4. Chemical Reactions Produce Temperature Changes
A firecracker explosion is
the result of a chemical reaction. All reactions always involve energy, some
reactions absorb energy and some are releasing energy. The energy that
accompanies the chemical reaction is heat, light, sound, or electrical energy.
A chemical reaction that produces energy is called an exothermic reaction. If
the energy is hot, it can tell by measuring its temperature rise. The
combustion reaction is an example of an exothermic reaction. When reacting with
water, we can feel the temperature rise in the glass wall where the reaction is
performed. Large temperature rise can be measured with a thermometer. A
chemical reaction requiring energy is called an endothermic reaction. For example,
a reaction to the photosynthesis process
What if someone consumes cigarettes in one day more than one pack? Please explain what happened to the person
BalasHapusOne of the main consequences you can get from smoking is suffering from heart disease. It is estimated, as much as 20% of deaths from heart disease are directly related to smoking habits. Why are cigarettes so dangerous? What are the other negative effects of smoking? Just look at the content contained on a cigarette. More than 4000 chemicals are in it. Hundreds of them are toxic and about 70 ingredients in them are cancerous. Hazardous materials on a cigarette, among others:
HapusCarbon monoxide. Substances that are often found in car exhaust fumes can bind themselves to hemoglobin in the blood permanently, thus preventing the provision of oxygen to the body. It makes you tired quickly.
Tar. When smoking, the content of tar in the cigarette will be absorbed. This substance will settle in your lungs and have a negative impact on the performance of small hair that lining the lungs. Though the hair is tasked to clean the germs and other things out of your lungs.
Oxidant gas. This gas can react with oxygen. Its presence in the body further increases the risk of stroke and heart attack due to blood clots.
Benzene. Substances added to this fuel can damage cells at the genetic level. This substance is also associated with various types of cancer such as kidney cancer and leukemia.
In addition to the above ingredients, there are still many toxic ingredients on a cigarette such as arsenic (used in pesticides), toluene (found in paint thinners), formaldehyde (used to preserve corpses), hydrogen cyanide (used to make chemical weapons), and cadmium (Used to make batteries).
When you smoke, you will be more likely to have a heart attack. Smokers are two to four times more likely to develop heart disease. The risk is even higher if you are a female smoker who is taking birth control pills.
When smoking, you will participate in incorporating harmful substances that could adversely affect the body, especially the heart. Examples of nicotine substances. When nicotine gets into the body, it can reduce the amount of oxygen that gets into the blood. This opiate substance can also speed up the heartbeat, raise blood pressure, damage the blood vessels in the heart, and speed up blood clots that can trigger heart attacks. So also with the bad consequences of other organs.
Brain
Smoking can increase the risk of stroke by 50 percent. It can cause brain damage and death. Smoking can also increase the risk of having a cerebral aneurysm. Aneurysm of the brain is a swelling of blood vessels that occur due to weakening of blood vessel walls. Occasionally it can rupture and cause bleeding in the brain.
Mouth and throat
Bad breath and teeth are the effects of smoking. Gum disease and taste damage can occur. A serious problem that will land on the mouth and throat is the increased risk of cancer of the tongue, throat, lips, and vocal cords.
Lungs
One of the most dangerous effects of smoking is lung cancer. Chemicals in cigarettes have the potential to damage cells in the lungs that can form cancer cells. Other serious diseases you can experience are bronchitis, pneumonia, and emphysema.
Stomach
Smoking can weaken the muscles that control the bottom of your esophagus. This allows the acid from the stomach to move in the wrong direction, ie into the esophagus. The condition is called gastric acid disease. Some of the risks of disease that a smoker will face are ulcers or ulcers and stomach cancer.
Bone
Toxins in cigarettes can damage bone by stopping the working of the construction cells. Therefore, smokers are more at risk of brittle bones or osteoporosis. Toxins can also disrupt the balance of hormones in charge of keeping bones strong, such as the hormone estrogen.
Please give me an explanation about chemical reactions can occur due to the flow of electricity
BalasHapusThe source of electric current is divided into two, namely the source of alternating electric current (AC) and direct current source (DC). AC current source is generated by AC current and generator. There are several kinds of direct current sources, such as voltaic cells, dry elements (batteries), accumulators, solar cells, and direct current dynamos. Voltaic elements, battery stones, and accumulators are the direct current sources generated by chemical reactions. Therefore, voltaic elements, battery stones, and accumulators are often called electrochemicals. It says electrochemistry because it converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
HapusElements are divided into two, namely primary elements and secondary elements. The primary element is an element which, after discharging its charge, can not be recharged. Examples of voltaic elements and batteries. The secondary element is an element after which its charge can be refilled. For example accumulator (battery). In voltaic, battery, and accumulator elements there are three main parts, namely
Anode, positive electrode that has high potential,
Cathode, negative electrode that has low potential,
Electrolyte solution, a liquid which can conduct an electric current.
To better understand the working principle of some electrochemical examples, follow the following descriptions.
1. Elements of Volta
The Volta element was first developed by Italian Physicist Allesandro Volta (1790-1800) using a vessel filled with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and two copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) metals. The main part of the Volta element, ie
The positive pole (anode) is made of copper (Cu),
Negative pole (cathode) is made of zinc (Zn),
Electrolyte solution made of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
The copper plate has a high potential, while the zinc plate has a low potential. If the two metal plates are connected through the lamp, the lamp will light up. This proves the existence of electric current flowing in the lamp. When the light is on, the electrolyte solution reacts with both copper and zinc metal to produce a number of electrons flowing from the zinc to the copper. As for, the chemical reactions on the Volta element are as follows.
In the electrolyte solution occurs reaction H2SO4 → 2H + + SO2-4
At the positive pole reaction occurs Cu + 2H + → polarization H2
At the negative pole occurs Zn + SO4 → ZnSO4 + 2e reaction
The chemical reaction of the Volta element will produce bubbles of hydrogen gas (H2). Hydrogen gas can not react with copper, so the hydrogen gas just attaches and covers the electroplated copper plate. This results in blocking the flow of electrons from zinc to copper and electric current from copper to zinc. The event of a closed copper plate by bubbles of hydrogen gas is called polarization. The presence of polarization of hydrogen gas in the copper plate causes the Volta element to be able to drain the electric current only briefly. The voltage generated by each Volta element is about 1.1 volts. The use of a liquid electrolyte solution is a weakness of the Volta element because it can wet the other equipment
,please explain about Chemical Reactions Produce Temperature Changes?
BalasHapusThe emergence of temperature changes can also be a guide to the occurrence of chemical reactions as shown below. For example, if we put a little lime tohor in the water contained in the test tube, we will feel the water temperature contained in the tube increases.
HapusIn this event has formed a new substance reaction between water and lime tohor. Another example is the reaction between the carbide granules and the water contained in the test tube. This reaction also causes the rise in water temperature in the test tube. In this event new water-soluble substances and new gaseous substances are formed at room temperature. Thus, in addition to heat, in this reaction also arise gas bubbles. Through these two examples we can argue that the onset of heat may indicate a chemical change or chemical reaction.
Often chemical reactions not only cause one symptom, but more. In one chemical reaction, two or more symptoms can be observed, as is the reaction between carbide and water granules. This reaction not only causes temperature changes, but also causes gas. Instead, we must be careful about the emergence of a symptom that does not necessarily indicate a chemical reaction. We must remember that a substance change can be said to be a chemical change or chemical reaction if a new substance is formed.
fauzan, why ester volatile compoared with alcohol ?
BalasHapusBecause the properties of esters are flammable and easy to mix with water and alcohol has a high boiling point compared with alkane acid. This is because the alcohol molecules contain lower -OH groups than the polar -OH groups. The chemical properties of the esters are based on their higher boiling point than the alcohols. And based on its structure it can be stated that the carboxylic acid is a polar molecule. The carboxylic acid esters of relatively low molecular masses are generally colorless, liquid and volatile and odorless. While the ester is a high molecular mass of liquid and volatile as well as small in making the rate of ester reaction in its manufacture.
Hapus